Rectal Polyp

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Rectal Polyp

It is a mass or swelling arising from mucosal lining of bowel wall. It may be pedunculated or sessile. The polyp consists of rounded head and long pedicle which is attached to the mucosal surface. It may occur anywhere in the large intestine but the commonest site of polyp is recto sigmoidal region of intestine. Juvenile Polyp is most common in children below age 12 years.

Clinical features:

Below the age of 12 year mostly seen as a complain like bleeding and protrusion of mass per rectum. During digital exam it is unable to expel outside, only during defecation only come outside. Sometimes no external mass is there only bleeding per rectum is the main complain during and after defecation.

Causative factors

Causative factor for Guda bhramsha: (Prolapse of rectum)

Constant suppression of urges like urine and stool; importantly prolonged suppression of FAECES.
Injury to the rectal region – direct or indirect injury caused due to fall, surgery, entry of foreign body, perforation etc Constant diarrhoea – The individuals who suffer from constant diarrhoea or sprue syndrome suffer from weakness of the pelvic muscles, leading to prolapse of rectum over a period of years Constant constipation – leading to straining.
Frequent child births or abortions lead to laxity of the sphincters and muscles in nearby area. Weakness or malnutrition is another cause for prolapsed rectum as it leads to lessen the strength of the muscles and hence the withholding capacity of the nearby muscles. Repeated worm infestation causes constant irritation to the anal sphincters. Further, it reduces the strength of the sphincters.
Repeated surgeries and injuries also reduce the intactness of the muscles.
Multiple episodes of urinary calculi, gall bladder stones may also lead to prolapse of rectum or act as a supporting factor for the complaint.
Old age – In elderly people, due to age factor, muscles and sphincters become lax increasing the chances of prolapse. (The same is the reason for increased chances of hernia in elders).
Asthma, whooping cough, leading to constant pressure on ano-rectal muscles. Multiple sclerosis and paralysis.

Treatments:

In modern surgery the polyp is excised under General Anaesthesia. In our centre we are ligating the polyp immediate after defecation under proper precaution.
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